Produção e qualidade biológica e química de diferentes vermicompostos para a produção de cenouras rumo à sustentabilidade dos agroecossistemas

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate the biological and chemical quality of the different vermicomposted residues and its used as basic fertilization for the carrots production. The trial was divided in two stages: 1st) vermicomposting of the different organic residue and its biological and chemical assessment and 2nd) evaluation of the vermicomposts as basic fertilization for the carrot production. In the first stage the manure of rabbits (T1), manure of cattle (T2) and the mixture of herbcheck-mate + coffee drags in ratio of 3:1 (T3) were vermicomposted and its biological and chemical quality were evaluate by the quantify of the mites, collembolas and earthworms population. The residues were conditioned in wood boxes, composing four treatments in randomized blocks design with three replications. Were inoculated 150 earthworms red of California (Eisenia andrei) in each box. At 30 and 60 days after earthworms inoculated, were quantify the population of mites and collembolas in surface layer and in the interior of boxes by Trap Tretzel and Tullgren Funnels methodology, respectively. The presence of earthworms was determinate with three sampling by box with a receptacle of 2 L. The chemical characterization of vermicomposts produced was determinate and after used carrots (Daucus carota L.) cv. Nantes production, constituting the second stage of this work. The calculation of the fertilization necessity and lime requirement were based according to the K necessity considering the recommendation of Comissão de Química e Fertilidade do Solo do RS/SC. The experimental factor studied was the basic fertilization with base 10 in the vermicomposts obtained from the different organic residues (first stage) constituting the following treatments: T1 rabbits manure; T2 cattle manure; T3 the mixture of herbcheck-mate + coffee drags (in ratio of 3:1) and T4 without fertilizer. Were evaluated the effects of the treatments about the production and the carrots quality and the soil fertility after de harvested. Considered the obtained results and the conditions in that the work was carried out, can be concluded that: the mite and colembola populations in surface increased with the time course, while in the interior of the vermicompost decrease, with exception of herbcheck-mate + coffee drags. The rabbits manure was the best substrate for the creation and reproduction of earthworms, showed too, the highest nutrient concentration. The vermicomposts used in basic fertilization did not presented strongly influence in the yield of carrots.