Produção de mudas e reutilização de substrato para morangueiro em sistema com recirculação da solução nutritiva

Abstract

The cultivation of strawberry in substrate in a closed system can be a viable alternative for obtaining high yield and high quality of fruits, in addition to optimizing productive resources, with reduced environmental impact. However, one of the main obstacles in the Brazilian production of strawberries is the with the delay in delivering the material, which leads to late transplants, delaying the beginning of the harvest so that producers are unable to put the fruit on the market at the time of highest price. Therefore, it is important that the transplants production systems in Brazil are improved, thus obtaining high quality transplants that enable early transplantation. Thus, four experiments in two crop cycles, 2016/2017 and 2017/2018, were carried out in a shelter, located in the municipality of Capão do Leão / RS. In the first cultivation cycle, 2016/2017, two experiments were carried out: Experiment 1 aimed to study the influence of the reuse of the carbonized rice husk substrate, the effect of using transplants of cultivar Aromas, produced under local conditions and the arrangement of plants in the cultivation line, single or missing line, on the production and distribution of the harvest. Experiment 2 aimed to evaluate the effects of different types of transplants and their origin, of the cultivars Aromas and Camarosa, on fruit production. Experiments 3 and 4, carried out in the cultivation cycle 2017/2018, followed the same fundamentals as Experiments 1 and 2, however without the renewal of substrate or transplants, with only total pruning of the plants, on March 18, 2017.The reuse of the carbonized rice husk substrate in subsequent cultivation tends to improve the productive responses of culture; transplants produced under local conditions (experiment 1) show fruit production below that of imported seedlings, 528.93 and 567.06g plant-1 , respectively, in the first cycle, and 813.50 and 1031.60g plant-1 , respectively , in the second cycle, however, they anticipate the harvest period, which may be an alternative to imported transplants in order to obtain early harvests; arrangement of plants within the cultivation line does not alter the productive responses of the crop, transplants produced under local conditions and with artificial floral induction do not improve the productive responses of the plants of the cultivars “Camarosa” and “Aromas”; in the first year of cultivation, the cultivars “Camarosa” and “Aromas” have a productive behavior similar to that of local transplants without induction treatment and that of imported transplants. In the second year of cultivation, they may even present inferior responses; national transplants without induction treatment of the cultivar “Camarosa” provide commercial fruit production higher than that of imported transplants in the second year of cultivation; for the “Aromas” cultivar, the imported transplants promote greater fruit production in the second year of cultivation; regardless of the cultivar, the cultivation of transplants produced under local conditions with turf allows to anticipate the transplant, with gains in early production, becoming an alternative to imported transplants.