Aporte e decomposição de serapilheira em sistema agroflorestal na encosta da serra do sudeste

Abstract

Intensive agriculture, in general, is one of the causes of uncontrolled deforestation, in search of larger areas for planting, with the aim of greater production. It is at this time that more conservationist agriculture, which was already practiced by ancestral peoples, but with updated methods, promotes the protection of these environments, which is so important, preventing species, especially endemic ones, from multiplying and being driven to extinction. This study aimed to monitor the contribution of litter and the decomposition of three forest species. The study was carried out on the Schiavon agroecological property, located in the municipality of Pelotas-RS. Four areas were established for collecting data on litter contribution, two agroforestry systems (SAFs) (one 10 and the other 5 years old), a native forest (MN) and an organic citrus orchard (PC) (24 years old). The same four environments were used for the analysis of decomposition using two native Brazilian species Schinus terebinthifolia and Enterolobium contortisiliquum and another exotic Acacia mearnsii, all used in agroforestry systems in the study region, for a period of one year. The system that contributed the most litter throughout the year of study was SAF 1, with 30.20 ± 0.408 Mg/ha-1, followed by MN with 20.20 ± 0.393 Mg/ha-1, SAF 2 with 10.61 ± 0.204 Mg/ha1 and finally PC 3.53 ± 0.0.069 Mg/ha-1. In decomposition, Enterolobium contortisiliquum obtained the highest average rate 54.3 ± 1.33%, followed by Schinus terebinthifolia with 52.9 ± 1.34% and finally Acacia mearnsii with 39.22 ± 1.32%.