Influência do perfil lipídico, genético e do consumo alimentar no estado nutricional de mulheres hipertensas e não hipertensas das unidades de saúde da família de Rio Grande – RS

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main responsible for deaths recorded annually in Brazil. Women represent the majority of the population and have a protective factor against CVD, since the female hormones act in the reproductive phase against the development of CVD. The nutritional profile of the Brazilian population is characterized by the prevalence of non-transmissible chronic diseases, which are predominantly due to the association of excessive consumption of high energy foods and weight gain. Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) is one of the main factors that triggers CVD and is present in about 20% of Brazilian adults. Type 1 paraoxonase is an antioxidant enzyme with anti-atherogenic low-density lipoprotein (LDL) protective effect and has several polymorphisms described in its gene that are considered important in the development of cardiovascular disease. The present study aimed to study the influence of dietary intake, lipid profile and genetic profile on the nutritional status of hypertensive women. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 89 women users of the health units of the city of Rio Grande, who were divided into hypertensive and non-hypertensive women. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for PON1 activity, genotyping of PON 1 (-107) C polymorphism and lipid profile. In addition, a food frequency questionnaire, anthropometric data collection and a general health questionnaire were applied. It was observed that the majority of the women were between 50 and 59 years of age (41.6%), had completed schooling from incomplete to incomplete (49.4%), menarche age from 11 to 12 years (47.2% ), did not practice physical activity (64.1%), were non-smokers or ex-smokers (88.8%) and used some type of medication. The Body Mass Index (BMI) and triglycerides presented higher rates in hypertensive patients (P <0.05). The rate of HDL tended to be lower in hypertensive women (P = 0.067). Hypertensive women presented higher consumption of in natura foods and non-hypertensive women presented higher consumption of processed and ultraprocessed foods, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. The frequency of genotypes for the PON1 T (-107) C polymorphism for women in the study population was 25.8% (16/62) for the CC genotype, 45.2% (28/62) for the CT genotype and 29.0% (18/62) for the TT genotype. The serum activity of PON1 in hypertensives was different among genotypes, being higher for CC genotype and lower for TT genotype (P <0.05). In non-hypertensive patients the serum activity of PON1 was not different among genotypes (P> 0.05). The population studied was mostly obese. In the hypertensive population analyzed in this study, there was no relationship between T (-107) C polymorphism and SAH. Other factors influence the health conditions of these hypertensive patients, since BMI and TG levels were higher in this population. In addition, the involvement of other genes related to hypertension, not analyzed in this study, should not be ruled out.