Indutores alternativos de brotação na superação da dormência em quivizeiro no Sul do Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

Kiwi is one of the most imported fruits in Brazil, due to the growing demand and low production. With the growing demand for environmentally-produced fruits in harmony with the movements for sustainable development and with the knowledge and dissemination of the risks that health-related agrochemicals pose, studies are needed to aggregate new production technologies for a more sustainable fruit-growing. The kiwifruit appears as an alternative for diversification of small family farms in ecologically correct production systems, but the crop needs inducers of sprouting in mild winter sites, as is the case in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of different sprouting inducers in the southern region of RS, in the productive cycles 2016-2017 and 2017-2018, in a commercial orchard in the municipality of Pelotas-RS and in a controlled environment located in the José Carlos Fachinello building, at the Federal University of Pelotas . Article 1 entitled "Alternative Sprouting Inducers in Kiwifruit cultivar Bruno evaluated by the isolated node isolated biological method", analyzes the efficiency of nine sprout inducers relative to the control under controlled conditions of environment through the biological test method of isolated knot pile. It was verified that the alternative inducers have positive effects on the budding of 'Bruno' kiwifruit with minimum number of cold hours required for the cultivar to overcome dormancy. The application of 10% garlic extract + mineral oil 2%, garlic extract 5% + mineral oil 2%, garlic extract 10% and mineral oil 2%, caused positive effects in the average time of sprouting, final sprouting rate, sprouting velocity and percentage of open buds in the cultivar Bruno kiwifruit. Concentrations close to 15% of garlic extract in association with mineral oil 2% cause phytotoxicity of the gemstones of kiwifruit cultivar Bruno. Article 2 entitled "Alternative inducers in overcoming dormancy in Kiwifruit cultivars Bruno in the South of Rio Grande do Sul" had the proposal to test the efficiency of sprout inductors in the Pelotas environmental conditions. It was verified that the extract of garlic in concentrations of 5 to 10% together with mineral oil 2% promotes a higher percentage of sprouting, higher number of fruits per plant and higher yield per plant in kiwifruit of the Bruno cultivar in the region of Pelotas/RS. Concentrations close to 15% of garlic extract associated with 2% mineral oil cause phytotoxicity to the kiwifruit buds cultivar Bruno. The present study contributes to future research on adaptation of new fruit in mild winter environments. In addition to providing information relevant to the introduction of kiwisier in new production areas in Rio Grande do Sul.