Produção de mudas orgânicas de morangueiro em substratos

Abstract

The substrate cultivation system brought to the farmer a new possibility of cultivation, being possible to produce in smaller areas, with greater ergonomic comfort, reducing the workforce and reducing the use of pesticides. However, in this system predominate the "conventional" cultivation systems, with the use of seedlings from conventional system and use of mineral nutrient solution. Thus, organic farmers did not migrate to this advantageous system, as it does not fit the guidelines of organic production. The objective of this work was to study a strawberry seedling production medium (without mineral fertilizer), using biofertilizers and substrates to be used in organic production. In addition to the experimental part cited, the socioeconomic profile of strawberry growers in the southern region in relation to fruit production in substrate was also studied. The experiments were carried out under plastic greenhouse conditions, at the Federal University of Pelotas Campus and at the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA- Temperate Climate) of Pelotas, RS. The first experiment, carried out in the 2015/16 and 2016/17 agricultural years, aimed to study different biofertilizers in the production of strawberry propagules from two cultivars 'Aromas' and 'Camarosa', from different photopermodic groups. In the second experiment, we studied the rooting and development of these propagules in different substrates. After the experiments were completed, a survey was conducted with the strawberry growers in the region, enabling them to study their socioeconomic profile, the cropping system they use and what they think about the substrate cropping system. The results obtained in the first experiment indicate that the production of stolons is influenced by fertigation, and the organic biofertilizers used in this work, boiled poultry manure and liquid humus, as efficient as the commercialized Beifort®. In the second experiment, for the rooting of propagules obtained from the stolons from experiment 1, the humus residue substrate obtained from vermicomposting and the commercial compound S10® demonstrated to have characteristics that provide an adequate development of strawberry seedlings. for the production of organic seedlings of the cultivars Aromas and Camarosa. As for the study regarding the profile of strawberry growers and what they think about substrate cultivation, it was possible to observe the importance of strawberry crop for the interviewees' families, since according to the collected data, most growers are familiar, being 91.7% use only family labor and only 8.3% use external labor. For 29.2% of respondents the strawberry represents more than half of their earnings showing great importance in family income. The biggest difficulties reported by them were the lack of financial resources for investment, difficulties in managing the irrigation and phytosanitary system and the difficult access to the place of sale