Governança transnacional ambiental na proteção da diversidade biológica: da ética ambiental em Hans Jonas ao princípio da solidariedade intergeracional no caso do Programa ARPA

Abstract

This research aims to present the philosophical theory of Hans Jonas, based on the principle of responsibility as a regulatory presupposition of contemporary and technical society, being an essential element of the ethical dimension of the principle of intergenerational solidarity and as the foundation of the ideal of transnational environmental governance. In order to support research the following specific objectives were elaborated: 1) To present the study on the theory of responsibility in Hans Jonas, as a philosophical presupposition of the principle of solidarity, as well as the basis for an environmental awareness project at a global level; 2) Analyze the theoretical concept and the fundamentals that underpin Transnational Environmental Governance; 3) Examine the case study involving the Amazon Protected Areas Program as an effort to build transnational environmental governance for biodiversity conservation and its local experience with Cape Orange National Park. Environmental problems and their global consequences require new articulation capacities between the State and non-governmental organizations in order to solve complex and wideranging issues such as biodiversity loss. This claim is underpinned by the global biodiversity protection regime provided by the Convention on Biological Diversity, which brings together global tools capable of providing the configuration of this institutional arrangement, such as the Ad Hoc Working Group on Protected Areas (Decision VII, 28). In view of this, it is questioned: the loss of biodiversity that threatens the future of the planet, under the prism of collective responsibility and the principle of intergenerational solidarity, can generate States, as environmental managers, like Brazil, the consolidation of transnational environmental governance? Brazil, as a signatory to this Convention, is committed to the creation of protected areas in the Amazon biome, and is an example of the transnational insertion in public environmental policies. The preliminary hypothesis raised and confirmed is that the Program promotes a model of transnational environmental governance linked to the protection of biodiversity, when a decentralized network is formed that works in partnership with the Brazilian government. This articulation allows for the creation of alliances and institutional arrangements that involve investment flows and representative participation in the organizational structure. The research method used is hypothetical-deductive and the research is qualitative, having as a procedure bibliographical-documentary research.