Perfil alimentar de crianças indígenas Yanomami de seis a 59 meses, segundo o grau de processamento dos alimentos.

Abstract

The present dissertation evaluated the food profile of Brazilian indigenous Yanomami children aged 6-59 months, according to the degree of processing and assessed the association with sociodemographic, maternal, and anthropometric factors. Data on the child's food intake on the day before the interview were obtained using a food list, based on previous studies with Brazilian indigenous population. The foods consumed were grouped according to the NOVA system: in natura or minimally processed; processed culinary ingredients; processed and ultra-processed. The in natura or minimally processed foods were categorized as "regional" or "urban". Food consumption was stratified by age group (6-23; 24-59 months) and associations of ultraprocessed food consumption with socioeconomic, demographic, maternal, and child variables were tested by Poisson regression with robust variances. A total of 251 children were studied. Of these, 61.2% were female and 73.3% were aged between 24 and 59 months. A frequency of fresh or minimally processed foods of 92.8% was observed for "regional" and 56.2% for "urban". The frequency of consumption of processed culinary ingredients was 41%, processed foods 11.9% and ultra-processed foods 31.9%. Among the "regional" fresh or minimally processed foods, the most frequently consumed were fruits (68.9%); corn, roots or tubers (44.6%); pupunha or hearts of palm (33.1%); fish or crab (32.7%) and beiju or cuscuz (31.9%). Among the "urban" fresh or minimally processed foods, the most consumed were beans (29.5%), rice or pasta (19.5%), chicken (16.7%), coffee or coffee with milk (15.1%) and powdered cow milk (10.0%). Regarding processed culinary ingredients, the following were reported: sugar (34.7%), cooking salt (34.7%), and vegetable oil (22.3%). As for processed foods, the most consumed were canned, sausage and processed meats (10.0%) and breads (2.8%), while for the ultra-processed foods, the most reported were: cakes, cookies or crackers (24.7%), chocolate or chocolate powder (6.0%). After adjusting for confounding factors, it was observed that the prevalence of consumption of ultraprocessed foods was 11.6 times higher in Maturacá and 9.2 times higher in Ariabú, when compared to Auaris. The prevalence of consumption of ultra-processed foods was 31% lower among children of mothers with short stature.